Abstract:
The web today enables people to access documents and services on the Internet but today’s methods require human intelligence. The semantic web augments the current web with formalized knowledge and well formatted data thatcan be processed by computers. . The semantic web is a vision of information that is understandable by computers, so that they can perform more of the tedious work involved in finding, combining, and acting upon information on the web. Data that is generally hidden away in HTML files is often useful in some contexts, but there is no global system for publishing data in such a way that it can be easily processed by anyone. This makes Semantic Web a rational solution for the problem.. This will enable computers to assist human users in tasks and understand data the way they cannot today. The layered architecture serves as the basic building block of the system and supports the vision of a Web imbued with meaning. The similarities that it shares with the object oriented programming language has made the Unified Modelling Language usable by both object-oriented Programming and semantic web development and the Semantic Web Browsers, extend the notion of the Web browser into the Semantic Web. There will also be creation of more open market in information processing and computer services enabling the creation of new applications and services from combinations of existing service.
I.INTRODUCTION
Semantics is the study of meaning. It’s as old as the ancient Greeks. For most of us it was a deadly dull sub-discipline of philosophy, to be avoided. But it turns out that we can’t avoid it. We are drowning in a sea of data which occasionally is generously referred to as “information.” But the truth is that almost all of it must be interpreted by humans to be of any use. The growth and availability of data and, therefore, our need to consider it in decision-making and planning is growing exponentially, and our systems, rather than helping with this, are for the most part contributing to the problem. The Semantic Web is a web that is able to describe things in a way that computers can understand. The Semantic Web is not about links between web pages. The Semantic Web describes the relationships between things (like A is a part of B and Y is a member of Z) and the properties of things (like size, weight, age, and price). In an evolving development of the World Wide Web in which the meaning (semantics) of information and services on the web is defined, making it possible for the web to ”understand” and satisfy the requests of people and machines to use the web content. It derives from World Wide Web Consortium director Sir Tim Berners-Lee’s vision of the Web as a universal medium for data, information, and knowledge exchange. Implementing the Semantic Web requires adding semantic metadata, or data that describes data, to information resources. This will allow machines to effectively process the data based on the semantic information that describes it. When there is enough semantic information associated with data, computers can make inferences about the data, i.e., understand what a data resource is and how it relates to other data. At its core, the semantic web comprises a set of design principles, collaborative working groups, and a variety of enabling technologies. Some elements of the semantic web are expressed as prospective future possibilities that are yet to be implemented. Other elements of the semantic web are expressed in formal specifications. Some of these include Resource Description Framework (RDF), a variety of data interchange formats (e.g. RDF/XML, N3, Turtle, N-Triples), and notations such as RDF Schema (RDFS) and the Web Ontology Language (OWL), all of which are intended to provide a formal description of concepts, terms, and relationships within a given knowledge domain.
II. ADVANTAGES OF WEB SEMENTIC
Humans are capable of using the Web to carry out tasks such as finding the Finnish word for ”monkey”, reserving a library book, and searching for a ow price for a DVD. However, a computer cannot accomplish the same tasks without human direction because web pages are designed to be read by people, not machines. The semantic web is a vision of information that is understandable by computers, so that they can perform more of the tedious work involved in finding, combining, and acting upon information on the web. The idea of a ’semantic web’ necessarily coming from some marking code other than simple HTML is built on the assumption that it is not possible for a machine to appropriately interpret code based on nothing but order relationships of letters and words. If this is not true, then it may be possible to build a ‘semantic web’ on HTML alone, making a specially built ’semantic web’ coding system unnecessary.
The Semantic Web takes the solution further. It involves publishing in languages specifically designed for data: Resource Description Framework (RDF), Web Ontology Language (OWL), and Extensible Mark-up Language (XML). HTML describes documents and the links between them. RDF, OWL, and XML, by contrast, can describe arbitrary things Such as people, meetings, or airplane parts. Tim Berners-Lee calls the resulting network of Linked Data the Giant Global Graph, in contrast to the HTML-based World Wide Web. These technologies are combined in order to provide descriptions that supplement or replace the content of Web documents. Thus, content may manifest itself as descriptive data stored in Web-accessible databases, or as mark-up within documents (particularly, in Extensible HTML (XHTML) interspersed with XML, or, more often, purely in XML, with layout or rendering cues stored separately). The machine-readable descriptions enable content managers to add meaning to the content, i.e., to describe the structure of the knowledge we have about that content. In this way, a machine can process knowledge itself, instead of text, using processes similar to human deductive reasoning and inference, thereby obtaining more meaningful results and helping computers to perform automated information gathering and research.
